THER07003 2019 Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics Intermediate

Implications of the zeroth, first, second and third laws of thermodynamics. Corollaries to the second law. 

Gas power cycles such as Dual cycle, Rankine cycle, Stirling cycle, Brayton cycle. Mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency  calculations.

Solve problems involving U-values, and more advanced conduction, convection and radiation.

Perform more advanced combustion chemical analysis to determine the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio and energy released in the combustion of commonly used fuels with excess air. 

Determine pressure variation with elevation for a static fluid mass.

Describe various pressure measuring devices.

Determine the fluid force on a surface submerged in a static fluid mass.

Analyse problems involving buoyancy.

Describe viscosity, boundary layer formation, laminar and turbulent flow.

Apply the Bernoulli equation to a variety of flow situations

Determine the head loss in a straight pipe

Lecture and practicals

Continuous Assessment 30%, Final Exam 70%

Resubmit practicals resit exam

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics Laws: implications and more in-depth analysis of the zeroth law, first law, second law: Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements, and third law.

Gas Power cycles: Dual cycle including calculations of pressure, temperature and specific volume at each stage, overall thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure. Stirling, Rankine, and Brayton cycles, where they are used and what they involve. 

Chemical reactions: what is combustion, excess air calculations of air/fuel ratios and energy released in the combustion of common hydrocarbons. 

Heat Transfer: conduction; U-values and calculations for sections through walls, Convection;  Radiation;  exercises when a combination of heat transfer modes involved. 

Fluid Mechanics

Pipeline Design: Pipe roughness, The Darcy-Colebrooke White Equation, Wallingford design charts, the Universal Resistance Diagram, transitional turbulent flow, rough turbulent flow, design simple pipeline network. Concept of unsteady flow and surge in pipeline systems.

Flow measurement in pressurized pipelines: Orifice plates, Venturi meters, displacement flow meters, turbine flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, oscillatory flow meters.

Turbomachinery: Definition of pumps and turbines, impulse turbines and reaction turbines, displacement pumps , dynamic pumps, axial flow pumps, mixed flow pumps, centrifugal pumps. Pump characteristic curves. system characteristic curves, pumps in series , pumps in parallel, pump efficiency curves, pump output power. Pump selection, cost of pumping. Concept of cavitation and nett positive suction head.

Open Channel Flow: Concept of steady uniform flow , steady non uniform flow and unsteady flow. Froude number, the Chezy equation, the Manning equation, flow rate estimation in open channels. Design gravity flow pipeline system.

Flow Measurement in Open Channels. Non critical flow measurement, vee- notch weirs, rectangular weirs, trapezoidal weirs, suttro weirs, orifice plates. Critical flow measurement devices, Venturi Flumes, Parshall flumes, Palmer-Bowlus flumes, broad crested weirs, crump weirs, ogee weirs.

Practical laboratory sessions will be run each week. By agreement the lecturers may alternate the labs or take a number together. 

Practicals:

1) Calibration of Venturi Meter and Orifice flow meter.

2) Produce a pump characteristic curve for and Axial Flow and Centrifugal flow meter.

3) Produce pump characteristic curves for pumps in parallel and pumps in series.

4) Estimate Mannings 'n' and Chezys 'c' for a smooth adn rough channel section.

5) Estimate the Coefficient of Discharge for a Vee-notch and Rectangular thin plated weir.

6) Estimate the Coefficient of Discharge for a Venturi Flume.